Best classification of plants

Plant: Classification of plants

There are many plants in all over the world. Some of them are found on land and some of them are found in water. Some of them live for only few months, some of them live for one year or two years and some of them live for many years. Plants have also different shapes and sizes. Plants are divided in different groups according to their life spam, character, habitat etc. Some types of division of plants are given below.

Division of plants on the basis of their habitat

The place where plants grows is called their habitat. On the basis of the habitat of plants are divided into different groups.

Terrestrial plants.

Those plants which are found on land are called terrestrial plants. These types of plants can grow on dry, moist, warm or humid places. They have well developed shoot system and root system. Terrestrial plants usually have strong root, stems and branches. They show different character according to their habitat. They are of following types.

Saprophytes

Those plants which grow in moist and shady climate are called saprophytes. Saprophytes plants needs very less sunlight and some of them are non-green also. Saprophytes plants depend on decaying bodies for their food. Some of the examples of saprophytes plants are fern, mushroom, moss etc. Many of the saprophytes plants are green and autotrophic. They are less developed and non flowering plants. Some of the saprophytes plants are grow on the stem of other plants and stone.

Mesophytes

Those plants which grows in hot and moist climate  is called mesophytes plants.  These types of plants are found in terai region of our country Nepal. Because the climate of terai region of our country is hot and moist. Mesophytes plants are tall and usually branched with strong stems. They are green and autotrophic. Mesophytes plants leaves are crowned at the top of them. Some of the examples of mesophytes plants are mango plants, banana plants, coconut plants, papaya plants etc.

Coniferous plants

Coniferous plants are usually grow in cold climate and they are in cone shapes so it is called coniferous plants. They have pointed thick needle shaped leaves. They are adapted for cold climate. Some of the example of coniferous or plants which grow in cold climate are pine, cycas etc.
Xerophyte
Those plants which grows in hot and dry places are called xerophytes plants. Xerophytes plants root are well developed and long but they have less leaves. In many xerophytes plants leaves are changed into thorns which helps them to protect them from their enemies. Xerophytes plants have thick and fleshy stems. All xerophytes are green and autotrophic. Xerophytes plants have capacity of bearing heat. Some of the plants which grows in hot and dry places or climate are cactus, opuntia, bryophyllum, aloevera etc.

 Aquatic plants (Hydrophytes)

Those plants which grows in water is called aquatic plants (Hydrophytes). These types of plants are found in lake, ponds, rivers, sea and ocean. Some aquatic plants found in ditches and marshy lands also. Hydrophytes may be floating or submerged. Body of this plants is with waxy surface. They have spongy body and and their root are not well developed. The spongy body helps the aquatic plants to float on water. Aquatic plants stem is flexible. Some of the examples of aquatic plants are lotus, water lilly, hydrilla, lemna, pistia etc.

Division of plants on the basis of their life span.

Different plants take different times to grow and complete their life cycle. Some plants complete their life spam in few months and some takes many years. On the basis of life span plants are divided into following three groups.
i) Annual plants
ii) Biennial plants
iii) Perennial plants

* Annual plants

Those plants which live for one season or one year is called annual plants. They germinate, grow, produce flowers fruits and seed, and die in a same year. Some of the examples of annual plants are mustard, paddy, wheat, pea, bean etc.

* Biennial plants

Those plants which lives for two years is are called biennial plants. They pass the first season for their full growth and in next season , these types of plants bear flowers and produce fruits. Some of the examples of biennial plants are cabbage, radish, turnip etc

* Perennial plants

Those plants which can survive for many years are called perennial plants. In the spring of every years, they bear flowers and fruits and mostly grow more in summer. Some of the examples of perennial plants are mango, guava, apple, lemon, orange etc.

Division of flowering plants 

1. Gymnosperms

Those flowering plants which have fruits with naked seed is called gymnosperms. Cycas, pine, dhupi fir etc are some of the examples of gymnosperms. 

2. Angiosperms

Those flowering plants which bears developed flowers and fruits are called angiosperms. Some of the examples of angiosperms are mango, apple etc. Angiosperms are also divided into two groups on the basis of the number of cotyledons found in their seeds. They are monocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plants.

* Monocotyledonous plants

Those plants which have seeds with single cotyledon is called monocotyledonous plants. Monocotyledonous plants have parallel venation in their leaves and fibrous root system. Monocotyledonous plants have distinct nodes and internodes in regular distance.  Monocotyledonous plants have not stalks in their leaves. Some examples of monocotyledonous plants are maize, paddy, wheat, rice etc.

* Dicotyledonous plants

Those plants which have seeds with two cotyledons are dicotyledonous plants. Dicotyledonous plants have reticulate venation and stalks in their leaves. Dicotyledonous plants don't have distinct nodes and internodes. Dicotyledonous plants have tap root system. Some of the examples of dicotyledonous plants are mustard, mango, bean, pea etc. 

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