About Plants

 

Some information about plants

Actually plants are two types. They are Flowering plants and non-flowering plants.

Flowering plants

Those plants which bear flower is called flowering plants. Flowering plants are the most developed plants in all over the world. There are many flowering plants in all over the world. They are of different shapes and sizes. But all flowering plants have two parts. They are Root system and Shoot system.

Root system of plants

The parts of plants which grow blow the ground and against light is called root system. The radicle of an embryo grows into root. It is pale and creamish. It helps the plants by absorbing water and minerals from the soil. It provides support to the plants. Some of the main parts of root are given below.
Root cap
Root cap is located at the end of root. It the protective parts of root. It protects the growing points of the root against frictions; while growing the root in soil particles. Root cap is present in dicotyledonous root but absent in monocotyledonous root.
 Region of growth
The region has the cells which form new cells regularly. It causes the growth of the root. It is found near the root cap.
Region of elongation
It lies above the region of growth. It increases the length of the root. It also helps in absorption of minerals and waters from soil.
Region of root hair
This region is just above the region of elongation. From this region, root hairs are generated. Root hairs helps in the absorption of minerals and water in the soil.
Region of maturation
This region is the top most region of the root from where branches of taproots are generated. The branches support the plants to stay firmly.

Types of root 

Mainly there are two types of root. They are:
Tap root system of plants
The roots which grows deep in the soil is called tap root system. This root is also called the primary root. The branches which is generated from the primary root is called secondary root. Secondary root is further divided into small branches. The roots which are generated from the secondary root is called tertiary root. This type of roots are found in dicotyledonous plants like gram, pea, mustard etc.
Fibrous root system of plants
The type of root which grows in the form of cluster is called fibrous root. This type of root doesn't goes deep in the soil. This type of root are not differentiated into primary, secondary and tertiary root.  This type of root has not root cap. This types of roots are found in monocotyledonous plants such as rice, maize, banana, onion, garlic etc.

Functions of root

It supports the plants to remain firmly.
It helps to absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
In some plants root store foods.
In some cases roots helps in reproduction which is called vegetative reproduction.

Shoot system

The parts of plants which grow above the ground towards the lights and against gravity is called shoot system. Plumule of an embryo grows into the shoot system. Shoot systems may found in different color, shapes and sizes. Some of the parts of shoot system are given below.

Stem

Stem is the main parts of the shoot system of the plants. It has nodes and internodes on it. The parts of stem from where leaves and branches are grown are called stem. The space between is called internodes.  Different types of buds like floral buds, auxiliary buds, terminal buds are also found on it. It may or may not be woody. Stems have tiny pores on their surface called lenticel. It helps the plants to remain upright and gives the basis for leaves, flowers, fruits etc. Some stems store foods and water. Stem may be weak or strong. Stems grow towards light and against gravity. 

Types of stems

Stems are found in different shapes, sizes, color and strengths. Stems may be big or small. They may be green or non green, woody and non woody. Some stems do not look like stem. They can be identified by the presence of nodes and internodes. They are modified stems due to the storage of foods and water in them. 

Function of stem

Stem provides support to the plants to remain upright.
Stem connects leaves, flower and fruits.
Stem transport water and minerals from root to the leaves through its xylem. 
Stem helps to transport food from leaves to different parts of plants through phloem.
Succulent stem supports in photosynthesis also.
In some plants stem store water and foods in them. Such as potato, ginger, sugarcane etc.
In some cases stem helps in reproduction.

Leaves 

The green and flats parts of the plants are called leaves. It is also known as the kitchen of plants because it helps to prepare foods for whole plants by the helps of photosynthesis. It is green in color because of the presence of chlorophyll. A leaf may be simple or petiolate or sessile.  Monocot leaves are sessile and dicot leaves are petiolate. The end of leaf connected with the stem called leaf base. The arrangement of veins is called venation. The venation may be parallel or reticulate. Monocot leaves have parallel venation with sheath and dicot leaves have rerticulate venation with petiole. They have pores on their lower surface called stomata. Stomata helps the plants in respiration and transpiration. 

Function of leaves

Leaves helps in photosynthesis and prepare food for whole plants. 
Leaves helps in respiration and transpiration of plants.
In xerophytes, leaves are modified in to thorns which protects them from enemies. 
In hydrophytes leaves help in floating.
In some cases leaves helps in vegetative reproduction. 
In some plants leaves store food.

Flowers

Flowers are the modified branches of plants having reproductive parts. Flowers are most attractive parts of the plants. There are many types of flowers in all over the worlds. They are in different shape, sizes and color. A flower may be sessile or pedicellate. Sessile flowers does not have flowers stalk and pedicellate flower has pedicel in it. A flower may be uni-sexual or bisexual. A complete flowers contains four fundamental parts. They are calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. 
Calyx
The outermost whorl of a flower is called  calyx. The single calyx is called sepal. Sepals means leaf. Calyx protect the flowers during its bud stage and provides mechanical supports to the flowers.
Corolla
The second whorl is of the flowers is called corolla. The single corolla is called petals. Petals are found in different shapes and color. Corolla may have smell in them. They may be fused or separate. Corolla helps to attract birds and insects which helps in pollination.
Androecium
The male reproductive parts of flowers is called androecium. It contains numbers of stamen. Stamen has anther connecting with filaments at the end.  Pollen grains are formed in the anther, which can form male gamets for sexual reproduction.
Gynoecium
It is the inner most parts of the flowers. It is the female reproductive parts of the plants. It contains more pistil or carpel. A pistil is made of three parts. They are stigma, style and ovary. Stigma is slightly winder than lower part and found at the tip. It receives pollen grains during pollination. Style is long structure and ovary is lower round or oval structure situated over in the thalamus of a flower. An ovary has ovule inside which forms female gamete. 

Function of flowers

It helps in reproduction
It helps in pollination
It helps in fertilization

Fruits

Fruits are the delicious parts of the plants. Fruits are of different shapes, sizes, color and types. We can see different types of fruits in all over the words. Some fruits are used as a medicines.

Functions of fruits

Fruits cover the seed and helps to protect them.
Fruits helps in dispersion of seeds too.
Fruits supply energy to animals as they eaten by animals.
Fruits supply nutrients to the seeds inside them also.
Carnivorous plants: Read more.
Some information about animals.
Some facts about amazing animals and insects