Plants: Non flowering plants

Non-Flowering Plants

 Plants: Non-flowering plants

As we all know that plants divided into sub-kingdoms. They are Cryptogams (Non-flowering plants) and phanerogams (Flowering plants). Among these, in this blog we will read about non flowering plants. (Cryptogams). If you read about flowering plants click here.

Non-flowering plants (Cryptogams)

Those plants which do not bear flower is called cryptogams or non-flowering plants. Some of the non-flowering may be green or non green. Some of the non-flowering plants may be uni-cellular or multicellular. Non-flowering plants or Cryptogams is further divided into following three groups.
i) Bryophyta
Bryophytas are small green plants which are usually found on damp walls. They have root, stem, and leaves structure but not true. Some of the examples of bryophyta are moss, liver worth, etc. Some of the major character of bryophytas are listed below.

1. They are found  on moist and shady place.
2. They reproduce by spores.
3. They are green and autotrophic.
4. They can prepare their own food.
5. They are multicellular plants.
6. They do not have true stem, root and leaves.

ii) Thallophyta
 The plants in this groups are simplest and primitive. Some major characters of thallophyta are listed below.  

1. They may be unicellular or multicellular
2. They may be green or non green
3. They may be aquatic or terresteial
4. They may be autotrophic or hetrotrophic
5. They do not have true leaves, stem and root like structure in them.

The sub-division of non-flowering plants thallophyta are further divided into two sub-division.

• Algae

Some major character of algae are listed below

1. They are green and autotrophic
2. They can prepare their own food
3. They are aquatic
4. They may be unicellular like chlamydomona or multicellular like spirogyra. Some of them are several feet long like seaweeds.
5. They have cell wall made of cellulose

Some of the examples of algae are; volvax, spirogyra, seaweeds etc.

• Fungi

The main character of fungi are given below:

1. They are non green and saprophyte i.e they obsorb their food from decaying bodies. 
2. They are terrestrial and found on decaying bodies.
3. They may be unicellular like yeast and multicellular like mushroom.
4. Fungi have cell wall made of fungus cellulose.
5. They cannot prepare their own food.

Some of the examples of fungi are yeast, mushroom etc.

iii) Pteridophyta

Pteridophyta are the most developed non flowering plants. They have true roots, stems and leaves but it do nor bear flower and fruits. Some of the major character of pteridophyta are given below.

1.  They are found at shady place 
2. They have true root, stem and leaves
3. They are green and autotrophic
4. They can prepare their own food
5. Their leaves are feather like and bear sori below them.

Some of the examples of pteridophytes are horse tail, pteridium, dryopteris etc. 

Read more about: Flowering plant
Classification of plants
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