Generation of Computers

Bishwojit Prasad shah May 18, 2020

Generation of Computers
The phase wise development of computer according to their main components, their size, processing speed, system architecture etc used by them is known as computer generations. The development of modern computer took into five distinct phases which is called generations of computer. The different generation of computer with their main components and duration are given below.
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The development of computer from 1945-1955 is called first generation of computer. Some of the examples of first generation of computer are: ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC etc.

Features of first generation computers

  1. They used vacuum tube as the main component.
  2. They require large amount of electricity.
  3. They are huge in size.
  4. They are more expensive than others computers.
  5. They used machine level language for programming. 
  6. Their operating speed was up to milliseconds.
Tips: Vacuum tube was invented by Lee Dee Forest in 1908.

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The development of computer from 1956-1964 is called second generation of computer.  Examples of second generation computer are: IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, PDP-1 and 8 etc.

Features of second generation computer

  1. They used transistor as main components.
  2. They required less electricity than first generation computer.
  3. They are cheaper than the first generation computer.
  4. Their operating speed was up to microsecond.
  5. They could understand assembly and high level language.
  6. They used magnetic core memory as internal storage.
Tips: Transistor was invented by a team lead by willium, shockley, John Burdeen and Walter H.Brattain in 1949.
One single transistor can perform the task of 1000 vacuum tubes.

Third generation computer

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Features of third generation computer

  1. They used Integrated circuits as the main components.
  2. Their operating speed was up to nanoseconds.
  3. They were small, efficient, and reliable.
  4. They were general purpose computer.
  5. They supported a large number of high level languages.
  6. They were cheaper and faster than first and second generation computer.
  7. They used large magnetic core based Random Access Memory and larger capacity magnetic disks.
Tips: Integrated Circuit (IC) was invented by Jack Kilby.

Fourth generation Computer

The development of computer from 1972-at present is called fourth generation computer. The best examples of fourth generation computer are: DEC10,  STAR 1000, PDP11,CRAY-1(Supercomputer), CRAY-X –MP (supercomputer).
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Features of fourth generation computers

  1. They used microprocessor as main electronic component.
  2. They are smaller in size and portable to carry.
  3. They supported optical and magnetic storage devices.
  4. They are user friendly.
  5. They are smaller, cheaper, and faster than other computers.
  6. They require less amount of electricity. 
  7. Their operating speed is picoseconds and even more.
  8. They support numerous high level language and Graphical user interface (GUI) programs.
Tips:The first microprocessor, Intel 4004 was invented by an engineer "Marcian Ted Hoff" of famous American company Intel Corporation in 1971.

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The generation of computer which will use ULSI and bio-chip technology and will posses artificial intelligence with parallel processing mechanism is called fifth generation computer. Some of the examples of fifth generation computer are IBM notebooks, Pentium PCs, SUN Workstations, IBM SP/2, SGI Origin 2000, PARAM supercomputers etc. It is the future computer.

Features Expected in the fifth generation computers

  1. They will use ULSI technology as main components.
  2. They will possess artificial intelligence.
  3. They will be much faster than present computers.
  4. They will implement knowledge based problem solving technique.
  5. They will use internet based applications.

Generation of Computer: Video source: Youtube

History of Computer: Video source: Youtube


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